{"id":1325,"date":"2020-05-04T18:38:54","date_gmt":"2020-05-04T18:38:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/wordpress\/?page_id=1325"},"modified":"2021-08-01T09:02:05","modified_gmt":"2021-08-01T09:02:05","slug":"guide-to-vision-development","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/guide-to-visual-development\/guide-to-vision-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Vision Development and Milestones"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>It is important to watch your baby&#8217;s development to ensure they reach their milestones.<\/h2>\n<p>A child\u2019s vision is a complex combination of the brain, the eyes and the vast array of nerves that connect them. At birth, this visual system is still immature and continues to develop throughout the child\u2019s early years.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Clear vision is an integral part of a child\u2019s healthy development. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Healthy eyes and good vision are vital components that enable successful achievement of many important milestones. Learning \u201chow to see\u201d and being able to interpret visual information to understand what is going on in the environment, are both crucial factors in successfully reaching the development of the visual system.<\/p>\n<p>These developmental milestones begin in the infancy stage and are dependent on the strength of the visual skills. Visual skills, such as binocular vision, accurate eye movements, and the ability to change focus to see near and distant objects, are necessary for observing, imitating, learning, playing, and more.<\/p>\n<h2><b>When does vision development begin?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Vision development begins in the womb and continues throughout childhood and adolescence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The development of a mature visual system is especially critical within the first six years of life.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The first six years of life is considered the \u201cvulnerable period\u201d because it is a time when the child&#8217;s development is most vulnerable to the effects of the various threats to their eye health and vision. Any change in vision or ocular health can inhibit a child from developing the necessary <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/vision-therapy\/the-17-key-visual-skills\/\">visual skills<\/a>, and cause developmental delays.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Vision milestones according to age<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>The following is a timeline of some of the key visual age-based milestones, to provide a basic guideline for parents to know what to expect throughout their child\u2019s development.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to remember that each child is unique and may reach certain milestones at different ages.<\/p>\n<p><em>Please note, this is ONLY a guideline, and should not be used to replace the consultation of an eye care professional.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3><b>Birth to 1 month<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blinks in response to bright light<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uncoordinated eye movements\u2014 may appear \u201ccrossed-eyed\u201d<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ability to stare at an object 8-10 inches away<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stares at light or face<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Begins to track or follow moving objects<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>1 to 2 months<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clear vision only for objects 10-12 inches away<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stares at faces and black and white images<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follows an object up to 90 degrees<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Watches parent closely<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Begins to develop tears<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>2 to 3 months<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Begins to notice familiar objects up to 12 inches away<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examines own hands<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follows faces, objects, and light<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>4 to 5 months<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Begins to reach for nearby objects, such as a hanging mobile<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recognizes objects such as a bottle or pacifier<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Looks at self in mirror<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>5 to 7 months<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Develops full color vision<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ability to see images and objects from few feet away<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Turns head to view objects<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Favors certain colors<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Touches mirror image of self<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>7 to 12 months<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Development of independent eye movements<\/li>\n<li>Sees smaller objects<\/li>\n<li>Development of depth perception<\/li>\n<li>Crawls to reach distant objects<\/li>\n<li>Plays peek-a-boo<\/li>\n<li>Watches and follows fast moving objects<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>12 to 18 months (1 to 1.5 years)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clear distance vision<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depth perception for objects further than 2 feet away<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Refinement of eye movements<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recognizes images of familiar objects<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Walks to interact with interesting items<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recognizes self in mirror<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>18 to 24 months (1.5 to 2 years)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Begins to focus on objects closer than 2 feet<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clear distance vision<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Development of fine-motor skills<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Colors with crayons\u2014 attempting to draw straight lines or circles<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identifies body parts \u2014mouth, eyes, and hair, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>24 to 36 months (2 to 3 years)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improvement of close vision skills: convergence and focusing<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Development of binocular vision at all distances<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can change focus from distance to near<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improvement of depth perception<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uses focusing to recognize shapes and objects<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>36 to 48 months (preschool)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distance vision nearing 20\/20<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clear and single vision up to few inches from face<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Development of gross-motor coordination<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recognizes complex visual shapes and letters<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identifies colors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>48 to 72 months (school)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Knows letters and some words<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recognizes orientation of letters<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Begins reading<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Possesses a matured sense of depth perception<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clear, single and comfortable vision at all distances<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you have any concerns about your child&#8217;s development, <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/\">find an eye doctor<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0near you that can examine your child.<\/p>\n<p><strong>SEE RELATED:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/guide-to-visual-development\/your-babys-vision-development\/\">Your Baby\u2019s Vision Development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t<div class=\"practice-search-widget\">\n\t\t<h3>Find an eye doctor for children near you<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t<form class=\"practice-search-form practice-search-form-widget\" action=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/results\/\" method=\"get\">\n\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"distance\" value=\"100\" class=\"practice-search-distance\">\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"page\" class=\"practice-search-page\">\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"address_latitude\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"address_longitude\">\n\n\t\t<input type=\"text\" name=\"address\" class=\"practice-search-address\" placeholder=\"City, Surburb or Address\" value=\"\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"distance\" value=\"100\" class=\"practice-search-distance\">\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<button type=\"submit\" class=\"practice-search-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"19\" height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10.6796 0.130005C9.15708 0.130059 7.66615 0.5646 6.38198 1.38258C5.09781 2.20057 4.07373 3.36803 3.43004 4.74783C2.78634 6.12763 2.54976 7.66246 2.74808 9.17205C2.9464 10.6816 3.57139 12.1033 4.54964 13.27L0.729639 17.08C0.6364 17.1732 0.562439 17.2839 0.511979 17.4058C0.461519 17.5276 0.435547 17.6581 0.435547 17.79C0.435547 17.9219 0.461519 18.0524 0.511979 18.1743C0.562439 18.2961 0.6364 18.4068 0.729639 18.5C0.917942 18.6883 1.17334 18.7941 1.43964 18.7941C1.5715 18.7941 1.70207 18.7681 1.82389 18.7177C1.94571 18.6672 2.0564 18.5932 2.14964 18.5L5.99964 14.62C7.35406 15.6038 8.98566 16.1324 10.6596 16.13C12.7814 16.13 14.8162 15.2871 16.3165 13.7869C17.8168 12.2866 18.6596 10.2517 18.6596 8.13C18.6596 6.00827 17.8168 3.97344 16.3165 2.47315C14.8162 0.97286 12.7814 0.130005 10.6596 0.130005H10.6796ZM10.6796 14.13C9.49295 14.13 8.33291 13.7781 7.34622 13.1188C6.35952 12.4595 5.59049 11.5225 5.13636 10.4261C4.68224 9.32975 4.56342 8.12335 4.79493 6.95946C5.02644 5.79558 5.59788 4.72648 6.437 3.88736C7.27611 3.04825 8.34521 2.4768 9.5091 2.24529C10.673 2.01378 11.8794 2.1326 12.9757 2.58673C14.0721 3.04085 15.0092 3.80989 15.6685 4.79658C16.3277 5.78328 16.6796 6.94332 16.6796 8.13C16.6796 9.7213 16.0475 11.2474 14.9223 12.3726C13.7971 13.4979 12.2709 14.13 10.6796 14.13Z\" fill=\"#fff\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"practice-search-use-my-location\">\n\t\t\tSearch near me\n\t\t<\/button>\n\n\n\t<\/form>\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<h2><b>When should a child have an eye exam?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>An infant\u2019s eyes are examined by the neonatal pediatrician soon after birth to rule out any of the common postpartum eye diseases such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/eye-care-for-children\/a-guide-to-childrens-eye-diseases\/\">cataracts, infantile glaucoma and eye tumors.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>The recommended schedule of eye exams for children includes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One visit between 6-12 months<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One visit between 2-3 years old<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One visit between 4-5 years old<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Annual visit, from 6 years and up<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Young children may not report if they feel that something is wrong\u2014 simply because they don\u2019t <i>realize <\/i>that something is wrong!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/\"><strong>Schedule an eye exam<\/strong><\/a> as the sooner a vision problem is detected, the sooner it can be diagnosed and treated\u2014 resulting in increased positive outcomes.<\/p>\n<h2><b>A parent\u2019s role in vision development<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><em>Parents play a vital role in their child\u2019s healthy development of vision. It is therefore important for parents to<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Watch for signs of a vision problem<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Schedule their first eye exam at around 6 months of age<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follow your eye doctors advice on an appropriate schedule of eye exams<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Engage in parent-play age-appropriate activities that can stimulate your child\u2019s vision, such as swing mobiles, soft toys and playful games<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allow children to safely explore and interact with their natural environment, such as playing in a sandbox or climbing a tree<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provide challenging physical experiences, such as riding a tricycle and catching balls<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increase the visual demand of play and activities, such as sports and flashcards<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>If you think your child may not be responding to their environment appropriately, or you notice that your child is not reaching an important developmental milestone, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/\">schedule an eye exam<\/a> to rule out any vision problems.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>LEARN MORE:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/guide-to-visual-development\/\">Guide to Visual Development<\/a><\/p>\n<p>If an issue with the development of their visual system is detected, try not to worry\u2014 your eye doctor will advise you on the most appropriate treatment plan for your child, to facilitate the best possible way to help them achieve their visual developmental milestones.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It is important to watch your baby&#8217;s development to ensure they reach their milestones. A child\u2019s vision is a complex combination of the brain, the eyes and the vast array of nerves that connect them. At birth, this visual system is still immature and continues to develop throughout the child\u2019s early years.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6164,"parent":12323,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-article.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[114,95,221,147,113,142,149],"class_list":["post-1325","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-amblyopia","tag-childrens-vision","tag-development","tag-eye-exam","tag-lazy-eye","tag-vision","tag-vision-skills"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Vision Development and Milestones - Optometrists.org<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/guide-to-visual-development\/guide-to-vision-development\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vision Development and Milestones - Optometrists.org\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It is important to watch your baby&#039;s development to ensure they reach their milestones. 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