{"id":20551,"date":"2022-01-30T09:09:56","date_gmt":"2022-01-30T09:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/?page_id=20551"},"modified":"2022-01-30T11:01:03","modified_gmt":"2022-01-30T11:01:03","slug":"improving-vision-for-children-with-down-syndrome-top-6-faqs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/vision-therapy-for-special-needs\/improving-vision-for-children-with-down-syndrome-top-6-faqs\/","title":{"rendered":"Improving Vision for Children With Down Syndrome: Top 6 FAQs"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder, affecting 1 in every 800 births (National Down Syndrome Society).\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><i>How does Down syndrome affect a child\u2019s ability to learn, and how can parents and teachers help make life just a little bit easier on these children?<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Here are our top 6 frequently asked questions about Down syndrome, vision issues and how parents and teachers can help:<\/p>\n<h2><b>Q1: What is Down syndrome?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Down syndrome is a condition in which a child is born with an extra copy of their 21st chromosome, causing physical and mental developmental delays and disabilities.<\/p>\n<p>Many of the disabilities are lifelong, including<a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/vision-therapy-for-special-needs\/vision-and-down-syndrome\/\"> problems with vision<\/a>, such as increased risk of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/guide-to-eye-exams\/eye-exams\/the-4-main-refractive-errors-clearly-explained\/\">refractive error,<\/a> impaired <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/vision-therapy\/guide-vision-and-learning-difficulties\/guide-to-visual-information-processing\/signs-of-visual-processing-information-dysfunction\/introduction-to-visual-processing\/\">visual processing<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/vision-therapy\/guide-to-vision-therapy\/the-5-most-frequent-binocular-vision-problems\/\">binocular vision issues.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, advances in medicine, as well as cultural and societal supports have made life for those who live with Down syndrome and their families easier than ever before.<\/p>\n<p>Though challenges still exist, it is quite possible for those with Down syndrome to live a long, fulfilling and interesting life.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Q2: How common are refractive errors in people with Down syndrome?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Research published in <\/b><b><i>Clinical and Experimental Optometry<\/i><\/b><b> (January, 2015), shows that between 50% and 80% of children with Down syndrome deal with refractive errors<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>These errors can harm their ability to learn in the classroom, and tend to increase throughout the child\u2019s school-age years.<\/p>\n<p>Refractive error refers to vision issues caused by the eye being either too long or too short, or by problems with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/guide-to-eye-health\/how-does-the-eye-work\/ocular-anatomy-the-front-of-the-eye\/\">cornea or lens of the eye.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>These problems cause light entering the eye to become blurry as it reaches the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/guide-to-eye-health\/how-does-the-eye-work\/eye-anatomy-the-back-of-the-eye\/\">retina<\/a> at the back of the eye, either because the light is focused too far forward in the eye or too far back in the eye. Depending on the cause of the error, vision blur may happen close-up, far away or both.<\/p>\n<p>Common refractive errors include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/guide-to-pediatric-eye-conditions\/what-is-long-sightedness\/\">hyperopia (farsightedness)<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/guide-to-pediatric-eye-conditions\/what-is-astigmatism\/\">astigmatism<\/a> (blurring of vision at all distances) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/guide-to-pediatric-eye-conditions\/what-is-myopia\/\">myopia<\/a> (nearsightedness).<\/p>\n<p><strong>SEE RELATED: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/vision-therapy-for-special-needs\/vision-and-down-syndrome\/\">Vision and Down Syndrome\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>For more information about how Down syndrome can affect vision and how parents and teachers can make life easier on children with Down syndrome, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/\">contact your eye doctor.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t<div class=\"practice-search-widget\">\n\t\t<h3>Find an eye doctor for children near you<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t<form class=\"practice-search-form practice-search-form-widget\" action=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/results\/\" method=\"get\">\n\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"distance\" value=\"100\" class=\"practice-search-distance\">\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"page\" class=\"practice-search-page\">\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"address_latitude\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"address_longitude\">\n\n\t\t<input type=\"text\" name=\"address\" class=\"practice-search-address\" placeholder=\"City, Surburb or Address\" value=\"\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"distance\" value=\"100\" class=\"practice-search-distance\">\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<button type=\"submit\" class=\"practice-search-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"19\" height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10.6796 0.130005C9.15708 0.130059 7.66615 0.5646 6.38198 1.38258C5.09781 2.20057 4.07373 3.36803 3.43004 4.74783C2.78634 6.12763 2.54976 7.66246 2.74808 9.17205C2.9464 10.6816 3.57139 12.1033 4.54964 13.27L0.729639 17.08C0.6364 17.1732 0.562439 17.2839 0.511979 17.4058C0.461519 17.5276 0.435547 17.6581 0.435547 17.79C0.435547 17.9219 0.461519 18.0524 0.511979 18.1743C0.562439 18.2961 0.6364 18.4068 0.729639 18.5C0.917942 18.6883 1.17334 18.7941 1.43964 18.7941C1.5715 18.7941 1.70207 18.7681 1.82389 18.7177C1.94571 18.6672 2.0564 18.5932 2.14964 18.5L5.99964 14.62C7.35406 15.6038 8.98566 16.1324 10.6596 16.13C12.7814 16.13 14.8162 15.2871 16.3165 13.7869C17.8168 12.2866 18.6596 10.2517 18.6596 8.13C18.6596 6.00827 17.8168 3.97344 16.3165 2.47315C14.8162 0.97286 12.7814 0.130005 10.6596 0.130005H10.6796ZM10.6796 14.13C9.49295 14.13 8.33291 13.7781 7.34622 13.1188C6.35952 12.4595 5.59049 11.5225 5.13636 10.4261C4.68224 9.32975 4.56342 8.12335 4.79493 6.95946C5.02644 5.79558 5.59788 4.72648 6.437 3.88736C7.27611 3.04825 8.34521 2.4768 9.5091 2.24529C10.673 2.01378 11.8794 2.1326 12.9757 2.58673C14.0721 3.04085 15.0092 3.80989 15.6685 4.79658C16.3277 5.78328 16.6796 6.94332 16.6796 8.13C16.6796 9.7213 16.0475 11.2474 14.9223 12.3726C13.7971 13.4979 12.2709 14.13 10.6796 14.13Z\" fill=\"#fff\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"practice-search-use-my-location\">\n\t\t\tSearch near me\n\t\t<\/button>\n\n\n\t<\/form>\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<h2><b>Q3: What visual issues are common in people with Down syndrome?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Down syndrome can cause issues with impaired processing in the optic nerves and visual cortex. This may harm visual acuity in children with Down syndrome, causing problems with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/vision-therapy\/guide-vision-and-learning-difficulties\/the-17-key-visual-skills\/\">vision skills<\/a> such as visual focusing and contrast sensitivity.<\/p>\n<p>Visual focusing refers to the eyes\u2019 ability to alter lens shape efficiently and accurately to maintain focus when shifting between near and far vision.<\/p>\n<p>Problems with visual accommodation can cause blurry\/double vision each time the child has to change what they\u2019re looking at. This can affect a child in many ways, for instance, visual accommodation is important for taking notes in class, as a child switches between looking at the board that may be a few yards away, to the notebook on their desk, only a foot or two away.<\/p>\n<p><b>The constant need to focus and refocus vision each time a child switches what they are looking at can cause headaches and eye strain, along with frustration because of visual discomfort<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>According to a study in <i>Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science<\/i> (May, 2004), all children\u00a0 living with Down syndrome deal with this issue to some extent.<\/p>\n<p>Contrast sensitivity refers to a child\u2019s ability to tell objects and images apart from their background, even when there is very little contrast between the two.<\/p>\n<p>Down syndrome often causes difficulty with this, making activities such as reading and writing very difficult.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Q4: Are people with down syndrome more likely to experience binocular vision problems?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Yes.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Binocular vision refers to the eyes\u2019 ability to work in unison to collect and send visual information to the brain to be interpreted and combined into a single three-dimensional image. This process also allows a person to have a sense of depth and distance.<\/p>\n<p>People with Down syndrome are significantly more likely to experience conditions that hinder the process of binocular vision, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/a-guide-to-eye-turns\/strabismus-crossed-eyes\/\">strabismus<\/a> (eye turn) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/vision-therapy\/vision-therapy-for-lazy-eye\/treating-amblyopia-a-new-way\/lazy-eyes-are-not-lazy\/\">lazy eyes<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>These conditions can cause problems with three-dimensional vision and depth perception, double or blurry vision, eye strain and headaches.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Q5: Does Down syndrome increase risk of eye disease?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Yes.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>According to a report in <i>Clinical and Experimental Optometry <\/i>(January 2015)<i>,<\/i> up to 2% of babies with Down syndrome will have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/guide-to-eye-conditions\/guide-to-cataracts\/\">cataracts<\/a> in infancy.<\/p>\n<p>Down syndrome causes the eye to develop irregularly, increasing the risk of problems with the formation of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/guide-to-eye-health\/how-does-the-eye-work\/ocular-anatomy-the-front-of-the-eye\/\">cornea<\/a>. This can cause the development of a condition known as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/guide-to-eye-conditions\/guide-to-corneal-diseases\/keratoconus\/\">keratoconus<\/a>, in which the cornea takes on a conical shape, creating severe blurring and visual distortion.<\/p>\n<p>This is why it\u2019s important to ensure a baby with Down syndrome has regular eye care from the beginning of their life. Early detection and treatment is the best way to ensure their eye health and good vision.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Q6: How can parents and teachers help their child with Down syndrome deal with vision issues?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Recommendations for how parents and teachers can help make life easier for children who have Down syndrome and vision issues include:<\/p>\n<p><b>1. Accommodations in the classroom and at home<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Focusing difficulties means the child may find it more challenging to sit far away from the board, sitting closer to the teacher will help.<\/p>\n<p>Using larger fonts when writing and using visual prompts such as photographs and drawings, can help these children immensely.<\/p>\n<p><b>2. Correct eyeglasses<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Many studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of early prescription of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/vision-therapy-for-special-needs\/vision-and-down-syndrome\/\">eyeglasses for children with Down syndrome.\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Prescription of eyeglasses helps improve learning, encourage healthy vision development and prevent vision symptoms that can cause discomfort and frustration.<\/p>\n<p>Eyeglasses can be single vision prescriptions. or<a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/optical\/guide-to-optical-lenses\/guide-to-bifocals-and-multifocals\/\"> bifocal\/multifocal lenses<\/a>, to correct for accommodative issues such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/vision-therapy\/vision-therapy-for-children\/convergence-insufficiency-2\/top-7-faqs-on-convergence-insufficiency\/\">convergence insufficiency.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>3. Frequent eye exams <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Children with Down syndrome should have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/vision-therapy-for-special-needs\/\">comprehensive eye exam<\/a> every six months. This is due to the high potential for vision-threatening eye diseases and eye issues that can severely affect learning and every-day function.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LEARN MORE: <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/vision-therapy-for-special-needs\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/vision-therapy-for-special-needs\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1626374764857000&amp;usg=AFQjCNGu6STwh0Zq_y3qp5Iv6BC1jC0GWw\">Vision\u00a0for Special Needs<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>If you have a child with Down syndrome, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/\">contact an eye doctor near you<\/a> to schedule a comprehensive eye exam.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><i>How does Down syndrome affect a child\u2019s ability to learn, and how can parents and teachers help make life just a little bit easier on these children?<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Here are our top 6 frequently asked questions about Down syndrome, vision issues and how parents and teachers can help.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder, affecting 1 in every 800 births (National Down Syndrome Society).\u00a0 How does Down syndrome affect a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1206,"featured_media":20552,"parent":1401,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-article.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20551","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - 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