{"id":6489,"date":"2020-06-23T12:29:19","date_gmt":"2020-06-23T12:29:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/wordpress\/?page_id=6489"},"modified":"2021-08-11T09:56:49","modified_gmt":"2021-08-11T09:56:49","slug":"how-is-glaucoma-treated","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/guide-to-eye-conditions\/glaucoma-guide\/how-is-glaucoma-treated\/","title":{"rendered":"How Is Glaucoma Treated?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>What is glaucoma?<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/eye-conditions\/glaucoma-guide\/glaucoma\/\">Glaucoma<\/a> is a progressive ocular disease that causes permanent vision loss from damage to the optic nerve\u2014 the nerve responsible for carrying visual signals between the eye and brain.<\/p>\n<p>The most common form of glaucoma occurs when there is high <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/guide-to-eye-exams\/why-is-eye-pressure-important\/\">pressure inside the eye<\/a> (intraocular pressure, or IOP), caused by a build-up of fluid that cannot drain properly.\u00a0 The damage to the optic nerve affects peripheral vision first, and then central vision, causing partial or complete vision loss.<\/p>\n<p><b>Unfortunately, a cure for glaucoma and the ability to reverse it\u2019s damage to the eye has yet to be discovered.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>However, there are treatments available to help stop, or at least reduce, the progression of the disease by lowering or controlling IOP.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Anti-glaucoma eye drops<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Glaucoma eye drops are a very effective treatment option, and are often the first plan of action. Glaucoma eye drops are classified by the active ingredient chemical that makes the drug effective. Your doctor will prescribe an eye drop, specific to your needs.<\/p>\n<h3><b>Types of eye drops<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Prostaglandins <\/b>relax the muscles in the eyes to allow better fluid drainage, reducing build-up of IOP.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Beta-blockers<\/b> are used in a variety of glaucoma eye drops. They decrease the <i>amount <\/i>of ocular fluid production and are often prescribed in combination with prostaglandins.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Alpha-adrenergic agonists<\/b> decrease the <i>rate <\/i>of fluid production. They can be used alone or in combination with other anti-glaucoma eye drops.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors<\/b> decrease the <i>rate <\/i>of fluid production, and are used in combination with other anti-glaucoma eye drops<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Parasympathomimetics<\/b> are very often used to control IOP in narrow-angle glaucoma. They work to increase ocular fluid drainage by opening the narrow angle where drainage occurs.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Epinephrine <\/b>decreases the rate of ocular fluid production, and increases its outflow from the eye.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Hyperosmotic agents <\/b>are used in emergencies, for patients with a severely high IOP that must be reduced immediately before permanent damage occurs. They reduce IOP by lowering ocular fluid volume.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Combination glaucoma drugs<\/b> include two different anti-glaucoma medicines. Many times, patients with glaucoma require more than one type of medication to control IOP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>If you suspect you have glaucoma, <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1626760891136000&amp;usg=AFQjCNFHnklrD-k7GckF_J6pnDwdBDDa9Q\">contact an eye doctor<\/a>\u00a0near you, who can diagnose and treat the condition.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>SEE RELATED:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/eye-conditions\/glaucoma-guide\/how-is-glaucoma-treated\/glaucoma-can-meditation-help\/\">Glaucoma: Can Meditation Help?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t<div class=\"practice-search-widget\">\n\t\t<h3>Find an eye doctor near you<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t<form class=\"practice-search-form practice-search-form-widget\" action=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/results\/\" method=\"get\">\n\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"distance\" value=\"100\" class=\"practice-search-distance\">\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"page\" class=\"practice-search-page\">\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"address_latitude\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"address_longitude\">\n\n\t\t<input type=\"text\" name=\"address\" class=\"practice-search-address\" placeholder=\"City, Surburb or Address\" value=\"\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"distance\" value=\"100\" class=\"practice-search-distance\">\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<button type=\"submit\" class=\"practice-search-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"19\" height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10.6796 0.130005C9.15708 0.130059 7.66615 0.5646 6.38198 1.38258C5.09781 2.20057 4.07373 3.36803 3.43004 4.74783C2.78634 6.12763 2.54976 7.66246 2.74808 9.17205C2.9464 10.6816 3.57139 12.1033 4.54964 13.27L0.729639 17.08C0.6364 17.1732 0.562439 17.2839 0.511979 17.4058C0.461519 17.5276 0.435547 17.6581 0.435547 17.79C0.435547 17.9219 0.461519 18.0524 0.511979 18.1743C0.562439 18.2961 0.6364 18.4068 0.729639 18.5C0.917942 18.6883 1.17334 18.7941 1.43964 18.7941C1.5715 18.7941 1.70207 18.7681 1.82389 18.7177C1.94571 18.6672 2.0564 18.5932 2.14964 18.5L5.99964 14.62C7.35406 15.6038 8.98566 16.1324 10.6596 16.13C12.7814 16.13 14.8162 15.2871 16.3165 13.7869C17.8168 12.2866 18.6596 10.2517 18.6596 8.13C18.6596 6.00827 17.8168 3.97344 16.3165 2.47315C14.8162 0.97286 12.7814 0.130005 10.6596 0.130005H10.6796ZM10.6796 14.13C9.49295 14.13 8.33291 13.7781 7.34622 13.1188C6.35952 12.4595 5.59049 11.5225 5.13636 10.4261C4.68224 9.32975 4.56342 8.12335 4.79493 6.95946C5.02644 5.79558 5.59788 4.72648 6.437 3.88736C7.27611 3.04825 8.34521 2.4768 9.5091 2.24529C10.673 2.01378 11.8794 2.1326 12.9757 2.58673C14.0721 3.04085 15.0092 3.80989 15.6685 4.79658C16.3277 5.78328 16.6796 6.94332 16.6796 8.13C16.6796 9.7213 16.0475 11.2474 14.9223 12.3726C13.7971 13.4979 12.2709 14.13 10.6796 14.13Z\" fill=\"#fff\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"practice-search-use-my-location\">\n\t\t\tSearch near me\n\t\t<\/button>\n\n\n\t<\/form>\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<h2><b>Laser treatment for glaucoma<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Most cases of glaucoma can be controlled with eye drops. In some cases, laser surgery may be preferred or considered more effective. Glaucoma surgery involves creating avenues for increased fluid drainage to reduce IOP.<\/p>\n<p><b>Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) <\/b>is the primary laser surgery performed for glaucoma treatment. This in-office laser procedure reduces IOP in cases of open-angle glaucoma. \u00a0 The laser is applied to the drainage system of the eye to stimulate a biochemical change that improves the fluid drainage from the eye.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>SLT can lower eye pressure by 20 to 30%.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>SLT is successful in about 80% of patients.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>According to research, the effectiveness of SLT is similar to the most effective glaucoma eye drops. <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Improved IOP after an SLT treatment may last 3 to 5 years and can be repeated if needed. Complications from SLT are typically uncommon, mild and short-term.<\/p>\n<p><em>According to research, this procedure may be equally effective as eye drops, and is a great treatment option for those who find it difficult to use their eye drops as directed.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<h2><b>Other surgical techniques<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Iridotomy <\/b>is performed for <b>angle-closure glaucoma<\/b>. During this laser procedure, a tiny hole is created in the iris to release the build fluid and allow it to flow properly out of the regular drainage angle.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Trabeculectomy, is a non-laser procedure <\/b>that is performed in cases of <b>advanced glaucoma<\/b>, where there is already optic nerve damage and severe IOP levels. During this procedure, <i>an artificial opening<\/i> in the eye for ocular fluid drainage is created, to decrease IOP levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>What is minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS)?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>While many surgeries are often effective in lowering IOP levels, they do pose a risk of potential complications. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) uses microscopic tools and devices to lower your risk of surgical complications.<\/p>\n<h3><b>1. Micro trabeculectomies<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>During these procedures, a microscopic tube is inserted into the eye to enable proper fluid drainage into the outer membrane of the eye (conjunctiva).<\/p>\n<p>Two different devices used for this type of procedure are called: <b>Xen Gel Stent<\/b> and <b>PRESERFLO<\/b> (formerly called InnFocus and Microshunt).<\/p>\n<p><b>The iStent\u00ae<\/b> <b>is the most frequently performed MIGS for mild to moderate open angle glaucoma.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>This procedure involves implanting a small titanium microtrabecular device to create a bypass between the front chambers of the eye and its natural drainage pathway. The iStent enables improved outflow of fluid from the eye, through its natural drainage system\u2014 lowering IOP levels.<\/p>\n<p><b>Benefits of iStent:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Typically easily combined with cataract surgery\u2014 improving IOP with minimal use of pressure lowering eye drops.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Minimal damage of normal eye tissue.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Easier to perform, faster to recover from, and safer than many glaucoma surgeries.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">May help reduce a patient\u2019s medication burden\u2014 reducing the cost, inconvenience, or side effects of using eye drops.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">May help delay or prevent the need for additional surgical interventions in the future.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>2. Trabecular surgery<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><i>This type of surgery is recommended for early to moderate stages of glaucoma, as the IOP does not reach very low levels through this procedure.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>This procedure uses tiny devices and equipment to cut through the trabecular meshwork, without causing harm to any other tissues in the drainage pathway.\u00a0 Using a special contact lens on the eye, a tiny device is inserted into the eye.<\/p>\n<p>The trabecular meshwork can either be destroyed with a <b>trabectome or trab360<\/b>, or bypassed using an <b>iStent.<\/b> These procedures are FDA-approved but generally don\u2019t reduce the eye pressure to a low enough level for them to be effective in more advanced stages of glaucoma.<\/p>\n<h3><b>3. Suprachoroidal shunts<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>This surgery can successfully lower IOP levels and can be effective in treating moderate to severe glaucoma.<\/p>\n<p>This procedure uses tiny tubes with very small openings, called <b>glaukos shunts<\/b>, to connect the front of the eye to the suprachoroidal space between the retina and the wall of the eye. The shunt serves to enable proper fluid drainage from the eye.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LEARN MORE:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/eye-conditions\/\">Guide to Eye Conditions<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1626760891136000&amp;usg=AFQjCNFHnklrD-k7GckF_J6pnDwdBDDa9Q\">Schedule an appointment<\/a>\u00a0with an eye doctor for a comprehensive eye exam, and to discuss any questions you may have about treating your eye condition<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><em>If you have recently been diagnosed with glaucoma, there are many different treatment methods that can lower the pressure within your eye to reduce vision loss, and preserve remaining vision. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Your eye doctor will discuss the most appropriate treatment options for you.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unfortunately, a cure for glaucoma and the ability to reverse it\u2019s damage to the eye has yet to be discovered.\u00a0 However, there are treatments available to help stop, or at least reduce, the progression of the disease by lowering or controlling IOP.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6516,"parent":12339,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-article.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[84,302,241,374,173],"class_list":["post-6489","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-adults","tag-eye-pressure","tag-glaucoma","tag-glaucoma-treatment","tag-surgery"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Is Glaucoma Treated? 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