{"id":9343,"date":"2021-01-11T15:12:29","date_gmt":"2021-01-11T15:12:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/?page_id=9343"},"modified":"2021-07-15T08:19:12","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T08:19:12","slug":"whats-worse-high-myopia-or-smoking","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/guide-to-pediatric-eye-conditions\/what-is-myopia\/whats-worse-high-myopia-or-smoking\/","title":{"rendered":"What&#8217;s Worse: High Myopia or Smoking?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>Smoking can lead to the development of sight-threatening eye diseases \u2014 but did you know that myopia can also increase your risk of these serious eye diseases?\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>This article will explain why high myopia and smoking are both risk factors for ocular disease, as well as what you can do to protect your eye health and vision.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Cataracts<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>People with moderate to high myopia (above -3.00D) are five times more likely to develop <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/eye-conditions\/guide-to-cataracts\/cataracts\/\">cataracts<\/a> at an earlier age.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Cataracts occur when the eye\u2019s naturally transparent lens becomes cloudy and opaque, making it difficult to see clearly.<\/p>\n<p>Symptoms of cataracts include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blurry or cloudy vision<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased sensitivity to glare<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seeing halos around lights<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poor night vision<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Colors appearing less vibrant<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Double vision<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Studies show that increasing axial length in myopic eyes may prevent essential nutrients from reaching the back of the eye\u2019s lens\u2014 which can lead to the development of a cataract.<\/p>\n<p><b>Smoking can double your risk of developing cataracts at an earlier age.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Smoking increases the amount of free radicals in your eyes. Free radicals are responsible for damaging the lipids and proteins in the eyes and causing deposits to form on the surface of the eye\u2019s lens\u2014 leading to cataract development.<\/p>\n<p>While the antioxidants you consume in your diet may help to fight the free radicals, smoking can actually kill off the antioxidants and produce toxins that lead to cataracts.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Macular degeneration (AMD)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>People with high myopia (above \u22125.00 D) have an increased risk of developing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/eye-conditions\/macular-degeneration-guide\/macular-degeneration\/\">macular degeneration<\/a>.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>High levels of myopia can lead to retinal damage and thinning of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/eye-anatomy-the-back-of-the-eye\/\">macula<\/a>, the center of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/eye-anatomy-the-back-of-the-eye\/\">retina<\/a>. This can cause the macula to tear and lead to bleeding underneath the retina, causing permanent central vision loss.<\/p>\n<p>There are two different types of AMD:<\/p>\n<p><b>Dry AMD<\/b> causes <i>gradual <\/i>central vision loss, while <b>wet AMD<\/b> causes <i>rapid<\/i> central vision loss.<\/p>\n<p>Symptoms of AMD include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distorted vision- lines appear wavy<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Empty spots within central vision<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Impaired color vision<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adjustment difficulties when moving between two areas that contain \u00a0 different lighting (low light and bright light)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cigarette smoke contains 4,700 toxic chemicals. These toxins can cause your retinal cells to age faster, and increase your risk of retinal thinning\u2014 putting your ocular health and vision at risk.<\/p>\n<p><b>Smoking can increase your risk of developing AMD by up to 4 times.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Smoking causes your retinal blood vessels to constrict, which can increase your blood pressure and your risk of AMD.<\/p>\n<p>Research also suggests that people who smoke have lower levels of the macular pigments lutein and zeaxanthin, which are responsible for protecting the macula from ultra violet (UV) radiation\u2014 another risk factor for AMD.<\/p>\n<p>If you have myopia and smoke, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/\"><b>contact an eye doctor<\/b><\/a> near you who can discuss the best ways to ensure your eye health.<\/p>\n<p><strong>SEE RELATED:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/guide-to-pediatric-eye-conditions\/what-is-myopia\/top-5-myopia-myths\/\">Top 5 Myopia Myths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t<div class=\"practice-search-widget\">\n\t\t<h3>Find an eye doctor for children near you<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t<form class=\"practice-search-form practice-search-form-widget\" action=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/results\/\" method=\"get\">\n\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"distance\" value=\"100\" class=\"practice-search-distance\">\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"page\" class=\"practice-search-page\">\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"address_latitude\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"address_longitude\">\n\n\t\t<input type=\"text\" name=\"address\" class=\"practice-search-address\" placeholder=\"City, Surburb or Address\" value=\"\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"distance\" value=\"100\" class=\"practice-search-distance\">\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<button type=\"submit\" class=\"practice-search-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"19\" height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10.6796 0.130005C9.15708 0.130059 7.66615 0.5646 6.38198 1.38258C5.09781 2.20057 4.07373 3.36803 3.43004 4.74783C2.78634 6.12763 2.54976 7.66246 2.74808 9.17205C2.9464 10.6816 3.57139 12.1033 4.54964 13.27L0.729639 17.08C0.6364 17.1732 0.562439 17.2839 0.511979 17.4058C0.461519 17.5276 0.435547 17.6581 0.435547 17.79C0.435547 17.9219 0.461519 18.0524 0.511979 18.1743C0.562439 18.2961 0.6364 18.4068 0.729639 18.5C0.917942 18.6883 1.17334 18.7941 1.43964 18.7941C1.5715 18.7941 1.70207 18.7681 1.82389 18.7177C1.94571 18.6672 2.0564 18.5932 2.14964 18.5L5.99964 14.62C7.35406 15.6038 8.98566 16.1324 10.6596 16.13C12.7814 16.13 14.8162 15.2871 16.3165 13.7869C17.8168 12.2866 18.6596 10.2517 18.6596 8.13C18.6596 6.00827 17.8168 3.97344 16.3165 2.47315C14.8162 0.97286 12.7814 0.130005 10.6596 0.130005H10.6796ZM10.6796 14.13C9.49295 14.13 8.33291 13.7781 7.34622 13.1188C6.35952 12.4595 5.59049 11.5225 5.13636 10.4261C4.68224 9.32975 4.56342 8.12335 4.79493 6.95946C5.02644 5.79558 5.59788 4.72648 6.437 3.88736C7.27611 3.04825 8.34521 2.4768 9.5091 2.24529C10.673 2.01378 11.8794 2.1326 12.9757 2.58673C14.0721 3.04085 15.0092 3.80989 15.6685 4.79658C16.3277 5.78328 16.6796 6.94332 16.6796 8.13C16.6796 9.7213 16.0475 11.2474 14.9223 12.3726C13.7971 13.4979 12.2709 14.13 10.6796 14.13Z\" fill=\"#fff\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"practice-search-use-my-location\">\n\t\t\tSearch near me\n\t\t<\/button>\n\n\n\t<\/form>\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<h2><b>Glaucoma\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>People with high myopia (above -5.00D) are 3 times more likely to develop <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/eye-conditions\/glaucoma-guide\/glaucoma\/\">glaucoma<\/a>.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Glaucoma occurs when the fluid within the eye is unable to drain properly and the pressure within the eye rises. Overtime, the increased <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/guide-to-eye-exams\/why-is-eye-pressure-important\/\">intraocular pressure (IOP)<\/a> presses on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/eye-anatomy-the-back-of-the-eye\/\">optic nerve<\/a> and causes irreversible damage and permanent vision loss.<\/p>\n<p>Symptoms of glaucoma include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Severe eye pain<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blurred vision<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seeing halos around lights<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nausea and vomiting<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As myopia progresses to higher levels, structural changes within the retina occur, causing the macula to thicken and increasing the risk of glaucoma.<\/p>\n<p>Glaucoma can be caused by a number of risk factors, including high blood pressure, cataracts, and diabetes \u2014 all of which are closely linked to smoking.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Retinal detachment\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>People with moderate myopia (above \u22123.00 D) are 10 times more likely to develop <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/general-practice-optometry\/eye-conditions\/guide-to-eye-conditions\/retinal-diseases\/\">retinal detachment<\/a>.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Retinal detachment can occur when fluid travels through a retinal tear and causes the retina to detach from the other tissues in the back of the eye.<\/p>\n<p>Symptoms of retinal detachment are not always noticeable, but may include sudden vision loss or the presence of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sudden blurred vision<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Floaters<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flashing lights<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shadows that block peripheral vision<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>High myopia can cause the retina to stretch and pull away from the tissues in the back of the eye.<\/p>\n<p><b>Smoking more than doubles your risk of retinal detachment.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Smoking increases inflammation in the body and the eyes. Swollen blood vessels are prone to breaking and leaking fluid. When the fluid leaks into the retina, retinal detachment can occur.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, the harmful chemicals found in cigarettes can cause uveitis, an inflammation of the uvea (the eye\u2019s middle layer), which can lead to retinal detachment.<\/p>\n<h2><b>What can you do to protect your eye health and vision?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>If your child has myopia, speak with your eye doctor about beginning a program of myopia management.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/guide-to-pediatric-eye-conditions\/what-is-myopia-management\/myopia-management-faqs\/\">Myopia management<\/a> is a program designed for children and teens with worsening myopia. Through the use of specialized lenses or eye drops, your eye doctor can effectively reduce the rate at which your child\u2019s myopia is progressing and protect them from developing serious eye diseases in the future.<\/p>\n<p>If you smoke, or live with someone who smokes, it is highly recommended to seek professional advice on how to quit. There are many different treatment programs that can help you kick your smoking habit to keep your eyes and body in optimal health.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Take your eye health seriously to avoid serious eye diseases in the future.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>LEARN MORE:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/childrens-vision\/guide-to-pediatric-eye-conditions\/\">Guide to Pediatric Eye Conditions<\/a><\/p>\n<p>If you have myopia and smoke, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optometrists.org\/practice-search\/\"><b>contact an eye doctor<\/b><\/a> near you who can discuss the best ways to ensure your eye health.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Smoking can lead to the development of sight-threatening eye diseases \u2014 but did you know that myopia can also increase your risk of these serious<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1206,"featured_media":9344,"parent":1291,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-article.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[370,216,241,337,90,396,431,307],"class_list":["post-9343","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-cataracts","tag-disease","tag-glaucoma","tag-macular-degeneration","tag-myopia","tag-myopia-management","tag-retinal-detachment","tag-smoking"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What&#039;s Worse: High Myopia or Smoking? 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